人工智能定义 What
简单的用一句话说呢：人工智能是像人类一样行动和理性思考的智能体。AI are things that behave & think like humans. It is rationally.
人工智能的英文全称是 Artificial intelligence ，缩写 AI
严谨的说，我们来看看维基百科上的定义。
人工智能( AI ) 是机器展示的智能，和包括人类在内的动物展示的自然智能相反
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to natural intelligence displayed by animals including humans.
一些流行的说法使用“人工智能”一词来描述模仿人类与人类思维相关的“认知”功能的机器，例如“学习”和“解决问题”，虽然AI主流研究者不太认可这个定义
Some popular accounts use the term "artificial intelligence" to describe machines that mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with the human mind, such as "learning" and "problem solving", however, this definition is rejected by major AI researchers.[b]
人工智能的起源 Who & When
图灵(Alan Turing)在1950年提出了图灵测试，这被认为是机器是否有智能的重要标准，后来也被认为是人工智能的起源。
1950年，图灵发表论文《计算机器与智能》（ Computing Machinery and Intelligence），提出并尝试回答“机器能否思考”这一关键问题。
阿兰 · 图灵(Alan Turing)提出了一个测试，在这个测试中，如果一台机器能够利用对话欺骗人类，让人类以为它在和一个人而不是一台机器说话，如果判断正确的人不足70%，也就是超过30%的人误认为与自己说话的是人而不是计算机那么这台机器就会被认为是智能的”。
A test proposed by Alan Turing in which a machine would be judged "intelligent" if the software could use conversation to fool a human into thinking it was talking with a person instead of a machine.
图灵测试自诞生来产生了巨大影响，图灵奖被称为“计算机界的诺贝尔奖”，图灵也被冠以“人工智能之父”的称号。
对数理逻辑的研究直接导致了艾伦·图灵(Alan Turing)的计算理论，该理论表明，一台机器通过将“0”和“1”这样简单的符号打乱，可以模拟任何可以想象的数学演绎行为。这种数字计算机可以模拟任何形式推理过程的见解被称为Church-Turing 论文。[20]
The study of mathematical logic led directly to Alan Turing's theory of computation, which suggested that a machine, by shuffling symbols as simple as "0" and "1", could simulate any conceivable act of mathematical deduction. This insight that digital computers can simulate any process of formal reasoning is known as the Church–Turing thesis.[20]
Church-Turing
